The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the gray wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was selectively bred from a population of wolves during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-gatherers. The dog was the first species to be domesticated by humans, over 14,000 years ago and before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.
Dogs have been bred for desired behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They have the same number of bones (with the exception of the tail), powerful jaws that house around 42 teeth, and well-developed senses of smell, hearing, and sight. Compared to humans, dogs possess a superior sense of smell and hearing, but inferior visual acuity. Dogs perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, companionship, therapy, aiding disabled people, and assisting police and the military.
Communication in dogs includes eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs), and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones, and taste). They mark their territories by urinating on them, which is more likely when entering a new environment. Over the millennia, dogs have uniquely adapted to human behavior; this adaptation includes being able to understand and communicate with humans. As such, the human–canine bond has been a topic of frequent study, and dogs' influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend". (Full article...)
The French Bulldog (French: Bouledogue Français) is a French breed of companion dog or toy dog. It appeared in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century, apparently the result of cross-breeding of Toy Bulldogs imported from England and local Parisian ratters. It is commonly kept as a pet and is among the most frequently registered dogs in a number of countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The breed is susceptible to various health problems as a consequence of being bred for a distinctive appearance, sporting a brachycephalic face and skin wrinkles. (Full article...)
A Border Collie herding sheep. Border Collies can take direction by voice and whistle at long distances when herding. Their great energy and herding instinct are still used to herd all kinds of animals, from the traditional sheep and cattle, free range poultry, and pigs, to deer and ostriches. They are also used to remove unwanted wild birds from airport runways, golf courses, and other public and private areas.
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- † = Descended from and closely related to livestock guardian dogs, but traditionally used in other roles
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Florence Nagle (26 October 1894 – 30 October 1988) was a British trainer and breeder of racehorses, a breeder of pedigree dogs, and an active feminist. Nagle purchased her first Irish Wolfhound in 1913, and went on to own or breed twenty-one United Kingdom Champions. Best in Show at Crufts in 1960 was awarded to Sulhamstead Merman, who was bred, owned and exhibited by Nagle. She also competed successfully in field trials with Irish Setters, from the 1920s until the mid-1960s resulting in eighteen Field Trial Champions. The male dog who was a linchpin in the 1970s revival of the Irish Red and White Setter breed was descended from one of Nagle's Irish Setters.
Described as "the Mrs. Pankhurst of British horse racing", Nagle trained her first racehorse in 1920, the Irish-bred colt Fernley. At that time women were forced to employ men to hold a Jockey Club trainers licence on their behalf, or to have licences in their husbands' names. Nagle worked peacefully to redress such injustices to her sex. She successfully challenged the well-established leading gentlemen's clubs of the racing and canine worlds over their gender inequality, and in 1966 became one of the first two women in the United Kingdom licensed to train racehorses. The first racehorse officially trained in Nagle's name was Mahwa, registered as being owned by her friend Miss Newton Deakin, with whom she jointly owned some of her dogs. (Full article...)
The following are images from various dog-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Image 2Schematic anatomy of the ear. In dogs, the ear canal has a "L" shape, with the vertical canal (first half) and the horizontal canal (deeper half, ending with the eardrum) (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 3Two Shih Tzu puppies (from Puppy)
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Image 5Basenji puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 6Golden Retriever puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 7An extinct Turnspit dog, 1800 (from Dog type)
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Image 8Example of a dog making prolonged eye contact with a human (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 9A dog's whiskers (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 10Petroglyph depicting two dogs hunting – Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 11The dog diverged from a now-extinct population of wolves 27,000–40,000 years ago, before or during the Last Glacial Maximum, when much of the mammoth steppe was cold and dry. (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 12A dog's teeth (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 13External anatomy (topography) of a typical dog: 1. Head 2. Muzzle 3. Dewlap (throat, neck skin) 4. Shoulder 5. Elbow 6. Forefeet 7. Croup (rump) 8. Leg (thigh and hip) 9. Hock 10. Hind feet 11. Withers 12. Stifle 13. Paws 14. Tail (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 14Bison surrounded by grey wolf pack (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 15Diagram of a wolf skull with key features labelled (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 16Sled dog types, sketched in 1833 (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 17Puggle puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 18Sled dogs, 1833 (from Dog type)
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Image 20Reduction in size under selective breeding – grey wolf and chihuahua skulls (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 21Map depicting possible phylogeographic origins of dingoes, New Guinea singing dogs, and Island Southeast Asian and Oceanian dogs, based on recent genetic evidence (Fillios & Taçon, 2016) (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 22Frontal view of a dog skull (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 23A mongrel puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 25"Five different types of dogs", c. 1547. (from Dog breed)
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Image 26An 1897 illustration showing a range of European dog breeds (from Dog breed)
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Image 27The nose of a dog (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 28A cavapoo and maltipoo running back while playing fetch (from Dog behavior)
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Image 29Bloodhound puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 30A drawing by Konrad Lorenz showing facial expressions of a dog - a communication behavior. X-axis is aggression, y-axis is fear. (from Dog behavior)
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Image 31German Spitz puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 32Chihuahua mix and purebred Great Dane (from Dog breed)
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Image 33Lateral view of a dog skeleton (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 34A wolf mandible diagram showing the names and positions of the teeth (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 35Mammoth bone dwelling, Mezhirich site, Ukraine (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 36President Lyndon B. Johnson with a basket of puppies in 1966 (from Puppy)
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Image 37A little mongrel puppy on the shore, on Halong Bay (from Puppy)
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Image 38Chihuahua puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 39Skeleton of a dog: 1. Cranium 2. Maxilla 3. Mandible 4. Atlas 5. Axis 6. Scapula 7. Spine of scapula 8. Humerus 9. Radius 10. Ulna 11. Phalanges 12. Metacarpal bones 13. Carpal bones 14. Sternum 15. Cartilaginous part of the rib 16. Ribs 17. Phalanges 18. Metatarsal bones 19. Tarsal Bones 20. Calcaneus 21. Fibula 22. Tibia 23. Patella 24. Femur 25. Ischium 26. Pelvis (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 40Montage showing the morphological variation of the dog. (from Dog breed)
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Image 42Tesem, an ancient Egyptian sight-hound (from Dog breed)
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Image 43Lateral view of a dog skull, jaw opened (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 44The dog's retina shows the optic disc and the eye's vasculature. (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 45Cavapoo puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 46Montage showing the coat variation of dogs. (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 47The difference in body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire Terrier is over 30-fold; both are members of the same species. (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 49Sled dog types, sketched in 1833 (from Dog breed)
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Image 51A labradoodle puppy and a Golden Retriever puppy playing together (from Puppy)
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Image 52St. Bernard puppy (from Puppy)
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Image 53The Greenland dog carries 3.5% genetic material inherited from a 35,000-year-old wolf from the Taymyr Peninsula, Arctic Siberia. (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 54Newborn Basenji puppies (from Puppy)
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Image 55Mandible of the oldest recognised dog discovered in Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany, and dated 14,200 years old (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 56NASA astronaut Leland D. Melvin with his dogs Jake and Scout (from Dog behavior)
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Image 57The difference in overall body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire terrier is over 30-fold, yet both are members of the same species. (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 58Watercolor tracing made by archaeologist Henri Breuil from a cave painting of a wolf-like canid, Font-de-Gaume, France, dated 19,000 years ago (from Domestication of the dog)
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Image 59Dog knee (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 60Lateral view of a dog skull, jaw closed (from Dog anatomy)
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Image 61Cart dogs, c. 1900; different in appearance but doing the same work (from Dog type)
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- Stubs : Aksaray Malaklisi, Alopekis, Argentine pila dog, Armant (dog), Banjara Hound, Barbado da Terceira, Braque Dupuy, Bruno Jura Hound, Bulgarian Scenthound, Cane Lupino del Gigante, Cane Paratore, Cantabrian Water Dog, Barrocal Algarvio, Český fousek, Faroese Sheepdog, Georgian Shepherd, German Spitz Mittel, Gończy Polski, Grand Griffon Vendéen, Himalayan Sheepdog, Hygen Hound, Indian Spitz, Japanese Terrier, Kaikadi (dog), Koyun dog, Kumaon Mastiff, Levriero Italiano, Mahratta Hound, Majorca Ratter, Montenegrin Mountain Hound, Northern Inuit Dog, Phu Quoc Ridgeback, Plummer Terrier, Porcelaine, Pyrenean Mastiff, Rampur Greyhound, Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog, Saint Miguel Cattle Dog, Sapsali, Sarabi dog, Sardinian Shepherd Dog, Schweizer Laufhund, Segugio Italiano, Segugio Maremmano, Segugio dell'Appennino, Sinhala Hound, Slovak Cuvac, South Russian Ovcharka, St. Hubert Jura Hound, Stichelhaar, Taigan, Tazy, Telomian, Treeing Cur, Vikhan, Villano de las Encartaciones, Villanuco de Las Encartaciones, White Shepherd, White Swiss Shepherd Dog, Xiasi Dog More stubs...
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