List of musical scales and modes

The following is a list of musical scales and modes. Degrees are relative to the major scale.

List of musical scales and modes
Name Image Sound Degrees Intervals Integer notation Binary (Big-Endian)[1] # of pitch classes Lower tetrachord Upper tetrachord Use of key signature usual or unusual
15 equal temperament Playⓘ — — — 15 — — —
16 equal temperament Playⓘ — — — 16 — — —
17 equal temperament Playⓘ — — — 17 — — —
19 equal temperament Playⓘ — — — 19 — — —
21 equal temperament Playⓘ — — — 21 — — —
Acoustic scale or Lydian dominant scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 ♯4 5 6 ♭7 W-W-W-H-W-H-W (0,2,4,6,7,9,10) 101010110110 7 Whole tone Minor Usual
Aeolian mode or natural minor scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 W-H-W-W-H-W-W (0,2,3,5,7,8,10) 101101011010 7 Minor Phrygian Usual
Algerian scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 ♯4 5 ♭6 7 etc. W-H-3H-H-H-3H-H-W-H-W (0,2,3,6,7,9,11,12,14,15,17) Variable — — —
Alpha scale — Playⓘ — — — 15.39 — — —
Altered scale or Super Locrian scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 ♭3 ♭4 ♭5 ♭6 ♭7 H-W-H-W-W-W-W (0,1,3,4,6,8,10) 110110101010 7 Diminished Whole tone Unusual
Augmented scale Playⓘ 1 ♭3 3 5 ♯5 7 3H-H-3H-H-3H-H (0,3,4,7,8,11) 100110011001 6 — — Usual
Bebop dominant scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ♭7 7 W-W-H-W-W-H-H-H (0,2,4,5,7,9,10,11) 101011010111 8 Major Chromatic Usual
Beta scale — Playⓘ — — — 18.75 — — —
Blues scale Playⓘ 1 ♭3 4 ♭5 5 ♭7 3H-W-H-H-3H-W (0,3,5,6,7,10) 100101110010 6 — — —
Bohlen–Pierce scale — Playⓘ — — — — — — —
Chromatic scale Playⓘ 1 ♯1 2 ♯2 3 4 ♯4 5 ♯5 6 ♯6 7
7 ♭7 6 ♭6 5 ♭5 4 3 ♭3 2 ♭2 1		 H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11) 111111111111 12 Chromatic Chromatic Unusual
Delta scale — Playⓘ — — — 85.7 — — —
Dorian mode Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 4 5 6 ♭7 W-H-W-W-W-H-W (0,2,3,5,7,9,10) 101101010110 7 Minor Minor Usual
Double harmonic scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 3 4 5 ♭6 7 H-3H-H-W-H-3H-H (0,1,4,5,7,8,11) 110011011001 7 Harmonic Harmonic Unusual
Enigmatic scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 3 ♯4 ♯5 ♯6 7 H-3H-W-W-W-H-H (0,1,4,6,8,10,11) 110010101011 7 Harmonic — Unusual
Euler–Fokker genus Playⓘ — — — 6 — — —
Flamenco mode Playⓘ 1 ♭2 3 4 5 ♭6 7 H-3H-H-W-H-3H-H (0,1,4,5,7,8,11) 110011011001 7 Harmonic Harmonic Unusual
Gamma scale — Playⓘ — — — 34.29 — — —
"Gypsy" scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 ♯4 5 ♭6 ♭7 W-H-3H-H-H-W-W (0,2,3,6,7,8,10) 101100111010 7 Gypsy Phrygian Unusual
Half diminished scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 4 ♭5 ♭6 ♭7 W-H-W-H-W-W-W (0,2,3,5,6,8,10) 101101101010 7 Minor Whole tone Unusual
Harmonic major scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 4 5 ♭6 7 W-W-H-W-H-3H-H (0,2,4,5,7,8,11) 101011011001 7 Major Harmonic Usual
Harmonic minor scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 (♮)7 W-H-W-W-H-3H-H (0,2,3,5,7,8,11) 101101011001 7 Minor Harmonic Usual
Harmonic scale Playⓘ — — — 12 — — —
Hirajōshi scale Playⓘ 1 3 ♯4 5 7 2W-W-H-2W-H (0,4,6,7,11) 100010110001 5 — — Usual
Hungarian "Gypsy" scale/Hungarian minor scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 ♯4 5 ♭6 7 W-H-3H-H-H-3H-H (0,2,3,6,7,8,11) 101100111001 7 Gypsy Harmonic Unusual
Hungarian major scale Playⓘ 1 ♯2 3 ♯4 5 6 ♭7 3H-H-W-H-W-H-W (0,3,4,6,7,9,10) 100110110110 7 — Minor Unusual
In scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 4 5 ♭6 H-2W-W-H-2W (0,1,5,7,8) 110001011000 5 — — Unusual
Insen scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 4 5 ♭7 H-2W-W-3H-W (0,1,5,7,10) 110001010010 5 — — Unusual
Ionian mode or major scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 W-W-H-W-W-W-H (0,2,4,5,7,9,11) 101011010101 7 Major Major Usual
Istrian scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 ♭3 ♭4 ♭5 5 H-W-H-W-H-5H (0,1,3,4,6,7) 110110110000 6 Diminished — Unusual
Iwato scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 4 ♭5 ♭7 H-2W-H-2W-W (0,1,5,6,10) 110001100010 5 — — Unusual
Locrian mode Playⓘ 1 ♭2 ♭3 4 ♭5 ♭6 ♭7 H-W-W-H-W-W-W (0,1,3,5,6,8,10) 110101101010 7 Phrygian Whole tone Usual
Locrian ♮6 — — 1 ♭2 ♭3 4 ♭5 6 ♭7 H-W-W-H-3H-H-W (0,1,3,5,6,9,10) 110101100110 7 Phrygian Gypsy Unusual
Lydian augmented scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 ♯4 ♯5 6 7 W-W-W-W-H-W-H (0,2,4,6,8,9,11) 101010101101 7 Whole tone Diminished Usual
Lydian diminished scale — 1 2 ♭3 ♯4 5 6 7 W-H-3H-H-W-W-H (0,2,3,6,7,9,11) 101100110101 7 Gypsy Major Usual
Lydian mode Playⓘ 1 2 3 ♯4 5 6 7 W-W-W-H-W-W-H (0,2,4,6,7,9,11) 101010110101 7 Whole tone Major Usual
Major bebop scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 4 5 (♯5/♭6) 6 7 W-W-H-W-(H-H)-W-H (0,2,4,5,7,(8),9,11) 101011011101 7(8) Major Diminished Usual
Major Locrian scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 4 ♭5 ♭6 ♭7 W-W-H-H-W-W-W (0,2,4,5,6,8,10) 101011101010 7 Major Whole tone Usual
Major pentatonic scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 5 6 W-W-3H-W-3H (0,2,4,7,9) 101010010100 5 — — Usual
Melodic minor scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♮6 ♮7 8 ♭7 ♭6 5 4 ♭3 2 1 W-H-W-W-W-W-H (ascending)

W-W-H-W-W-H-W (descending)

(0,2,3,5,7,9,11) (ascending)

(12,10,8,7,5,3,2) (descending)

101101010101 (ascending)

101101011010 (descending)

9 Minor (ascending)

Major (descending)

Major (ascending)

Minor (descending)

Usual (ascending)

Usual (descending)

Melodic minor scale (ascending) Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 4 5 6 7 W-H-W-W-W-W-H (0,2,3,5,7,9,11) 101101010101 7 Minor Major Usual
Minor pentatonic scale Playⓘ 1 ♭3 4 5 ♭7 3H-W-W-3H-W (0,3,5,7,10) 100101010010 5 — — Usual
Mixolydian mode or Adonai malakh mode Playⓘ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ♭7 W-W-H-W-W-H-W (0,2,4,5,7,9,10) 101011010110 7 Major Minor Usual
Neapolitan major scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 ♭3 4 5 6 7 H-W-W-W-W-W-H (0,1,3,5,7,9,11) 110101010101 7 Phrygian Major Unusual
Neapolitan minor scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 7 H-W-W-W-H-3H-H (0,1,3,5,7,8,11) 110101011001 7 Phrygian Harmonic Unusual
Non-Pythagorean scale — Playⓘ — — — — — — —
Octatonic scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 4 ♭5 ♭6 6 7

1 ♭2 ♭3 3 ♯4 5 6 ♭7

W-H-W-H-W-H-W-H

H-W-H-W-H-W-H-W

(0,2,3,5,6,8,9,11)

(0,1,3,4,6,7,9,10)

101101101101

110110110110

8 Minor

Diminished

Diminished

Minor

Unusual

Unusual

Pelog Playⓘ — — — — — — —
Persian scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 3 4 ♭5 ♭6 7 H-3H-H-H-W-3H-H (0,1,4,5,6,8,11) 110011101001 7 Harmonic — Unusual
Phrygian dominant scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 H-3H-H-W-H-W-W (0,1,4,5,7,8,10) 110011011010 7 Harmonic Phrygian Unusual
Phrygian mode Playⓘ 1 ♭2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 H-W-W-W-H-W-W (0,1,3,5,7,8,10) 110101011010 7 Phrygian Phrygian Usual
Prometheus scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 ♯4 6 ♭7 W-W-W-3H-H-W (0,2,4,6,9,10) 101010100110 6 Whole tone — Usual
Quarter tone scale Playⓘ 1 1 ♯1 1 2 2 ♯2 2 3 3 4 4 ♯4 4 5 5 ♯5 5 6 6 ♯6 6 7 7

8 7 7 ♭7 7 6 6 ♭6 6 5 5 ♭5 5 4 4 3 3 ♭3 3 2 2 ♭2 2 1

Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q-Q (0,1/2,1,3/2,2,5/2,3,
7/2,4,9/2,5,11/2,6,
13/2,7,15/2,8,17/2,9,
19/2,10,21/2,11,23/2) 		24 — — —
Scale of harmonics Playⓘ 1 ♭3 3 4 5 6 3H-H-H-W-W-3H (0,3,4,5,7,9) 100111010100 6 — — Usual
Slendro Playⓘ or Playⓘ — — — 5 — — —
Tritone scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 3 ♭5 5 ♭7 H-3H-W-H-3H-W (0,1,4,6,7,10) 110010110010 6 — — Unusual
Two-semitone tritone scale Playⓘ 1 ♭2 ♮2 ♯4 5 ♭6 H-H-2W-H-H-2W (0,1,2,6,7,8) 111000111000 6 — — Unusual
Ukrainian Dorian scale Playⓘ 1 2 ♭3 ♯4 5 6 ♭7 W-H-3H-H-W-H-W (0,2,3,6,7,9,10) 101100110110 7 Gypsy Minor Unusual
Vietnamese scale of harmonics Playⓘ 1 3 ♭3 ♮3 4 5 5Q-Q-H-H-W (0,5/2,3,4,5,7) 6 — — —
Whole tone scale Playⓘ 1 2 3 ♯4 ♯5 ♯6 W-W-W-W-W-W (0,2,4,6,8,10) 101010101010 6 Whole tone Whole tone Unusual
Yo scale Playⓘ 1 2 4 5 6 W-3H-W-W-3H (0,2,5,7,9) 101001010100 5 — — Unusual

Tetrachords Semitones Letters
Chromatic 1 1 1 H-H-H
Diminished 1 2 1 H-W-H
Gypsy [sic] 2 1 3 W-H-3H
Harmonic 1 3 1 H-3H-H
Major 2 2 1 W-W-H
Minor 2 1 2 W-H-W
Phrygian/
Upper minor		 1 2 2 H-W-W
Whole tone 2 2 2 W-W-W

See also

References

  1. ^ "Combinatorial Music Theory". andrewduncan.net. Retrieved 2025-03-28.
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