Cān Bàn Kingdom

Cān Bàn Kingdom
6th – 10th century?
Proposed locations of ancient kingdoms in Menam and Mekong Valleys in the 7th century based on the details provided in the Chinese leishu, Cefu Yuangui, and others.
GovernmentKingdom
Historical eraPost-classical era
Today part of

Cān Bàn Kingdom (Chinese: 参半国) was an ancient kingdom mentioned in the Chinese leishu, Cefu Yuangui, compiled during the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE). It was located more than a thousand li (500 kilometers) southwest of Zhenla.[1]: 18  Some source says it was northwest of Land Zhenla[2]: 27  (Sambhupura).[3] The city faces the sea, and the land is wet. To the southwest, it bordered the Bái Tóu Kingdom (白头国).[1]: 18  Cān Bàn sent tribute to the Chinese court once in 669 CE.[2]: 27, 35 

After Zhenla annexed Funan in 627, Cān Bàn and another kingdom, Zhū Jiāng, which has been identified as Dvaravati,[4] made royal intermarriages with Zhenla. They then fought several wars against Tou Yuan to the northwest,[5] and successfully established it as the vassal of Dvaravati in 647.[6]: 269 [7]: 15–16  In the same period, Zhenla also waged wars with Línyì to the northeast.[5] Through royal connections, Cān Bàn thereafter became a complete vassal of Zhenla.[2]: 27, 35 

No further information about the Cān Bàn Kingdom has been found, and its identification is uncertain. Several scholars place it to the northeast of the Cardamom Mountains, roughly near the present-day Battambang,[8]: 45–47  but this seems too close to Chenla, as the Chinese source indicates it is more than a thousand li (approximately 500 kilometers) away. Some said it was in the modern Prachinburi province of Thailand.

References

  1. ^ a b "钦定四库全书: 册府元龟卷九百五十七宋王钦若等撰". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese). Retrieved 14 May 2025.
  2. ^ a b c Fukami Sumio. "The Trade Sphere and the Tributary Business of Linyi (林邑) in the 7th Century: An Analysis of the Additional Parts of the Huangwang chuan (環王伝) of the Xintangshu (新唐書)" (PDF) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2025.
  3. ^ Sharan, Mahesh Kumar (2003). Studies In Sanskrit Inscriptions Of Ancient Cambodia. Abhinav Publications. pp. 31–34. ISBN 978-81-7017-006-8.
  4. ^ "朱江". www.world10k.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  5. ^ a b "中国哲学书电子化计划". ctext.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 16 May 2025.
  6. ^ Lawrence Palmer Briggs (1950). "The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 9 (3). Duke University Press: 256–305. doi:10.2307/2049556. JSTOR 2049556. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024.
  7. ^ Geoffrey Goble (2014). "Maritime Southeast Asia: The View from Tang-Song China" (PDF). ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. p. 1–19. ISSN 2529-7287. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-19.
  8. ^ Lawrence Palmer Briggs (1951). "The Ancient Khmer Empire" (PDF). Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 4 (1): 1–295. doi:10.2307/1005620. JSTOR 1005620.
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